Kazuo Ishiguro

Kazuo Ishiguro
Kazuo Ishiguro in Kraków (Poland), 29 October 2005
Born	November 8, 1954 (1954-11-08) (age 56) Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
Occupation	Novelist
Nationality	British
Period	1981-present
Notable work(s)	The Remains of the Day, Never Let Me Go

Kazuo Ishiguro OBE (Japanese: カズオ・イシグロ (Kazuo Ishiguro) or 石黒 一雄 (Ishiguro Kazuo); born 8 November 1954) is a Japanese–English novelist. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan, and his family moved to England in 1960. Ishiguro obtained his Bachelor's degree from University of Kent in 1978 and his Master's from the University of East Anglia's creative writing course in 1980. He became a British citizen in 1982.

Ishiguro is one of the most celebrated contemporary fiction authors in the English-speaking world, having received four Man Booker Prize nominations, including winning the 1989 prize for his novel The Remains of the Day. In 2008, The Times named Ishiguro among their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".

Contents 1 Early life 2 Literary characteristics 2.1 Ishiguro and Japan 3 Awards 4 Works 4.1 Novels 4.2 Screenplays 4.3 Short fiction 5 References 6 External links 6.1 Interviews 6.2 Profiles

Early life

Ishiguro was born in Nagasaki on 8 November 1954, the son of Shigeo Ishiguro, an oceanographer, and his wife Shizuko.^[1] In 1960 his family, including his two sisters, moved to Guildford, Surrey so that his father could work on oil development in the North Sea.^[1] He attended Stoughton Primary School and then Woking County Grammar School in Surrey.^[1] After finishing school he took a 'gap year' and travelled through America and Canada, whilst writing a journal and sending demo tapes to record companies.^[1]

In 1974 he began studies at the University of Kent, Canterbury, and he graduated in 1978 with a Bachelor of Arts (honours) in English and Philosophy.^[1] After spending a year writing fiction, he resumed his studies at the University of East Anglia where he gained a Master of Arts in Creative Writing in 1980.^[1] He became a British citizen in 1982.^[2]

He co-wrote four of the songs on jazz singer Stacey Kent's 2007 Breakfast On the Morning Tram album. He also wrote the liner notes to Kent's 2003 album, In Love Again. He now lives in London with his wife Lorna MacDougall and daughter Naomi.

Literary characteristics

A number of his novels are set in the past. His most recent, Never Let Me Go, had science fiction qualities and a futuristic tone; however, the given time period is the late 1990s, and thus takes place in a very similar yet alternate world. His fourth novel, The Unconsoled, takes place in an unnamed Central European city. The Remains of the Day is set in the large country house of an English lord in the period surrounding World War II.

An Artist of the Floating World is set in Ishiguro's birth town of Nagasaki during the period of reconstruction following the detonation of the atomic bomb in 1945. The narrator is forced to come to terms with his part in World War II. He finds himself blamed by the new generation who accuse him of being part of Japan's misguided foreign policy and is forced to confront the ideals of the modern times as represented by his grandson.

The novels are written in the first-person narrative style and the narrators often exhibit human failings. Ishiguro's technique is to allow these characters to reveal their flaws implicitly during the narrative. The author thus creates a sense of pathos by allowing the reader to see the narrator's flaws while being drawn to sympathize with the narrator as well. This pathos is often derived from the narrator's actions, or, more often, inaction. In The Remains of the Day, the butler Stevens fails to act on his romantic feelings toward housekeeper Miss Kenton because he cannot reconcile his sense of service with his personal life.

Ishiguro's novels often end without any sense of resolution. The issues his characters confront are buried in the past and remain unresolved. Thus Ishiguro ends many of his novels on a note of melancholic resignation. His characters accept their past and who they have become, typically discovering that this realization brings comfort and an ending to mental anguish. This can be seen as a literary reflection on the Japanese idea of mono no aware.

Ishiguro and Japan

Ishiguro was born in Japan and has a Japanese name (the characters in the surname Ishiguro mean 'rock' and 'black' respectively). He set his first two novels in Japan; however, in several interviews he has had to clarify to the reading audience that he has little familiarity with Japanese writing and that his works bear little resemblance to Japanese fiction. In a 1990 interview he said, "If I wrote under a pseudonym and got somebody else to pose for my jacket photographs, I'm sure nobody would think of saying, 'This guy reminds me of that Japanese writer.'"^[3] Although some Japanese writers have had a distant influence on his writing — Jun'ichirō Tanizaki is the one he most frequently cites — Ishiguro has said that Japanese films, especially those of Yasujirō Ozu and Mikio Naruse, have been a more significant influence.^[4]

Ishiguro left Japan in 1960 at the age of 5 and did not return until 1989, nearly 30 years later, as a participant in the Japan Foundation Short-Term Visitors Program. In an interview with Kenzaburo Oe, Ishiguro acknowledged that the Japanese settings of his first two novels were imaginary: "I grew up with a very strong image in my head of this other country, a very important other country to which I had a strong emotional tie[...]. In England I was all the time building up this picture in my head, an imaginary Japan."^[5]

Awards

He was featured in the first two Granta Best of Young British Novelists: in 1983^[6] and in 1993^[7]. He won the Whitbread Prize in 1986 for his second novel, An Artist of the Floating World. He won the Booker Prize in 1989 for his third novel, The Remains of the Day. An Artist of the Floating World, When We Were Orphans and his most recent novel, Never Let Me Go, were all short-listed for the Booker Prize. A leaked account of a judging committee's meeting revealed that the committee found itself deciding between Never Let Me Go and John Banville's The Sea before awarding the prize to the latter.^[8][9]

He was appointed OBE for services to literature in 1995, and was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture in 1998. On Time magazine's 2005 list of the 100 greatest English language novels published since the magazine formed in 1923, Never Let Me Go was the most recent novel. In 2008, The Times named Ishiguro among their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".^[10]

Works

Novels

• A Pale View of Hills (1982)
• An Artist of the Floating World (1986)
• The Remains of the Day (1989)
• The Unconsoled (1995)
• When We Were Orphans (2000)
• Never Let Me Go (2005)

Screenplays

• A Profile of Arthur J. Mason (Original Screenplay for Channel 4)^[11][12] (1984)
• The Gourmet (Original Screenplay for the BBC; the script was later published in Granta 43) ^[13] (1987)
• The Saddest Music in the World (Original Screenplay) (2003)
• The White Countess (Original Screenplay) (2005)

Short fiction

• Three short stories in Introduction 7: Stories by New Writers (1981): 'A Strange and Sometimes Sadness’, ‘Waiting for J’ and ‘Getting Poisoned’
• A Family Supper - short story first published in 1982
• Nocturnes: Five Stories of Music and Nightfall (2009)

References

External links

• Kazuo Ishiguro at Contemporary Writers
• Faber and Faber page on Ishiguro
• VIDEO Kazuo Ishiguro talks about writing and music at the 2009 Sydney Writers Festival on ABC Fora

Interviews

• 2000 January magazine interview with Ishiguro
• 2005 interview with Ishiguro in Sigla Magazine
• 2006 Guardian Book Club podcast with Ishiguro by John Mullan

Profiles

• 1989 "A Case of Cultural Misperception," a profile at the New York Times by Susan Chira
• 2005 "Living Memories," a profile at The Guardian by Nicholas Wroe

Works by Kazuo Ishiguro Novels A Pale View of Hills (1982) • An Artist of the Floating World (1986) • The Remains of the Day (1989) • The Unconsoled (1995) • When We Were Orphans (2000) • Never Let Me Go (2005) Short fiction Nocturnes (2009) Screenplays The Saddest Music in the World (2003) • The White Countess (2005) Films The Remains of the Day (1993) • Never Let Me Go (2010)

Man Booker Prize for Fiction 1969–1980 P. H. Newby (1969) · Bernice Rubens (1970) · James Gordon Farrell (1970)† · V. S. Naipaul (1971) · John Berger (1972) · James Gordon Farrell (1973) · Nadine Gordimer / Stanley Middleton (1974) · Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (1975) · David Storey (1976) · Paul Scott (1977) · Iris Murdoch (1978) · Penelope Fitzgerald (1979) · William Golding (1980) † Awarded in 2010 as the Lost Man Booker Prize, due to a change in the contest rules. 1981–2000 Salman Rushdie (1981) · Thomas Keneally (1982) · J. M. Coetzee (1983) · Anita Brookner (1984) · Keri Hulme (1985) · Kingsley Amis (1986) · Penelope Lively (1987) · Peter Carey (1988) · Kazuo Ishiguro (1989) · A. S. Byatt (1990) · Ben Okri (1991) · Michael Ondaatje / Barry Unsworth (1992) · Roddy Doyle (1993) · James Kelman (1994) · Pat Barker (1995) · Graham Swift (1996) · Arundhati Roy (1997) · Ian McEwan (1998) · J. M. Coetzee (1999) · Margaret Atwood (2000) 2001–present Peter Carey (2001) · Yann Martel (2002) · DBC Pierre (2003) · Alan Hollinghurst (2004) · John Banville (2005) · Kiran Desai (2006) · Anne Enright (2007) · Aravind Adiga (2008) · Hilary Mantel (2009) · Howard Jacobson (2010)

Persondata
Name	Ishiguro, Kazuo
Alternative names
Short description	British Novelist
Date of birth	November 8, 1954
Place of birth	Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
Date of death
Place of death